1. 1. Name three environmental differences between Earth and space.
   2. Explain how they are different.

2. Give a brief description of atmospheric pressure, density and kinetic energy and tell how they interact and are related.
   

3. Give the formula for the state of equilibrium for an ideal gas and tell what each variable in the formula represents.
   

4. 1. Give three examples of electromagnetic radiation.
   2. List positive and negative ways that humans utilize these forms of radiation.

5. Name two types of radiation and where they come from.
   

6. 1. Name the two units that are used to measure radiation and give the relationship between the two.
   2. Calculate the radiation exposure you would receive living in Denver, Colorado for two years in rem (roentgen equivalent man), if you were exposed to 2.0 mSv per year.

7. The Earth's gravitational pull keeps objects and people affixed to the ground. What is the primary factor that enables a spacecraft to overcome gravity and orbit the Earth?
   

8. At the Earth's boundary and at the boundary of space, molecular movement of the air causes frictional heat. How is the spacecraft protected from the intense frictional heat at this boundary during launch and upon reentry?
   

Part 2: How the Human Body Changes in Space

1. Explain briefly why astronauts suffer from space motion sickness when in space.
   

2. What happens to the circulation of blood and fluids in space and why?
   

3. What happens to the size of the heart in space and why?
   

4. Describe what happens to the muscles and bones in space and why?
   

5. What exercises do the astronauts do while in space to keep up their physical condition and how do they cope with floating' while they exercise?
   

6. How does the fluid volume in an astronaut in space become reduced?
   

7. Name a known medical condition on earth that is similar to the bone loss that astronauts experience in space. How might knowledge obtained in space be valuable to the treatment of this disease?
   

8. Describe what happens to an astronaut's legs and face when in space and identify the terms used to describe these changes in appearance.
   

CRITICAL THINKING

1. Contrast and Compare Earth-normal vs space-normal physiological conditions.