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 | Musculoskeletal Alterations |
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While several studies have investigated the influence of long-duration spaceflight on muscle and bone tissue, it remains unclear how unloading influences cartilage health. It has been shown in animals that decreased loading results in cartilage deterioration with compositional changes similar to those of osteoarthritis (OA). However, it is unknown if these same changes are experienced in astronauts during spaceflight. If long-duration unloading results in biochemical changes within the cartilage, it may be a medical risk factor for the development of OA later in life. OA is a progressive, degenerative disease that is characterized by changes in proteoglycan and water content.
Recent advancement in magnetic resonance (MR) technology allows for an increased ability to monitor these biochemical levels in vivo. Furthermore, the reversibility reported in animal work with remobilization has yet to be observed in humans. This study will utilize state-of-the-art MR techniques to monitor knee cartilage composition with non-weight bearing (simulated zero gravity) and return to full weight bearing (relative increased loading).
Specific Aims
- The primary objective of this project is to quantify changes in cartilage composition with loading deprivation using advanced MR techniques (including T2 and T1rho relaxation time mapping).
- A secondary objective is to demonstrate reversibility of compositional changes of articular cartilage associated with OA in vivo.
Earth-based Applications of Research Project
Beyond the important information for astronaut health that this study will provide, this study also provides valuable information for the orthopedic surgeon. Patients with hip, knee and ankle injuries regularly are instructed to eliminate weight bearing for 6-10 weeks following surgeries and/or injuries. This study will shed light on the health of the cartilage following this non-weight bearing period. This information will be important for orthopedic surgeons to prepare post-immobilization protocols that allow patients to avoid cartilage injury following return to weight bearing.