• Recommendations for dietary supplements to prevent radiation-induced myeloid malignancy;
• Managing stem cell damage caused by space flight through replacement of bone marrow stem cells postflight;
• Diminishing latent virus reactivation through pharmacologic intervention;
• Methods to block and counter programmed cell death to prevent lymphoid loss and/or dysfunction during radiation exposure, and;
• Understanding the effects of long-term bed rest on immune function.

Earth Applications
Many of the countermeasures for human health in space have future applications for Earth use. In the area of immunity, these include:

• Countermeasures for the adverse effects of radiation are applicable to people exposed to higher-than-normal levels of radiation, such as occupational exposures, airline crews and persons undergoing interventional radiology as a medical procedure;
• Knowledge of virus reactivation can be used with patients suffering serious, sometimes life-threatening consequences resulting from immunosuppression, and;
• The study of bed rest and the immune response can aid treatment of elderly or bed-ridden hospital patients who develop infectious complications.