CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS

Earth Physiology

  1. Name four types of joints that allow a wide range of motion in our bodies and give an example of each.

  2. Identify three types of cells that are found in bone and state their major function.

  3. Describe the two components of bone that help to provide strength, and explain the contribution of each one to the strength of the bone.

  4. Name the four classifications of bone that are based on their shape and give an example of each classification.

  5. Identify the process of bone formation and how it occurs.

  6. Describe how the lengthening of bones occurs during the growing years of a human.

  7. How is the level of blood calcium regulated? Draw a diagram to indicate the negative feedback loop involved in this regulation.

  8. Name the antigravity bones of our skeleton and explain why they are referred to as antigravity bones.

Space Physiology

  1. Identify two reasons why a rat would make a better laboratory model for bone research in space than a horse.

  2. Select one of Dr. Baldwin's hypotheses and, using any of the data sets in this chapter, provide an argument that supports or refutes the hypothesis.

  3. Explain how an anthropologist or forensic scientist, with one dried bone as a clue, can closely estimate its owner's former living height. Which bones are proportional enough to a person's height to provide the most accurate estimation of height?

  4. What three factors play a role in determining the strength of a material?

  5. Describe the principles of Hooke's Law and Young's modulus and how they relate to one another.

  6. Consider the various data sets that are presented in this chapter and select one that illustrates how the responses of the group-housed animals and the individually housed animals are different.

Critical Thinking

  1. If you knew somebody that stands on their head all day, what bones in that person's body would be considered antigravity bones?

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