CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS

Earth Physiology

1. 1. Name three main cellular components of blood.
   2. Briefly describe the main function of each.

2. Describe the role of plasma in the body.
   

3. 1. What is the blood test that measures the amount of red blood cells in the blood.
   2. Describe how this test is done.

4. Identify the part of blood that gives it a red color and state its role in carrying oxygen to the cells.

5. Describe the process which controls red blood cell production.

6. Identify the term used to describe the production of red blood cells and identify the main site of production?

7. Name the organ of the body which triggers the production of red blood cells and explain how it is done.

8. Describe the events that take place after the red bone marrow is triggered o produce red blood cells?

9. What controls the rate of red blood cell production?
   

10. An average male of 70kg has approximately 5.0L of blood. Based on a hematocrit of 45%, calculate the total body volume of 1) RBC's and 2) Plasma.

    Hematocrit Value: .45 or 45%
    Plasma Proportion: .55 or 55%

1. Why is the question of whether red blood cell elimination in space is due to a decrease in production or an increase in destruction important?
   

2. It is known that the astronaut's total blood volume decreases in space. What is the term used to describe this occurrence and why does this happen?
   

3. Identify the various blood measurements taken to gather data on the effects of space travel on blood.
   

4. Identify the method used to measure the plasma volume and the red blood cell mass, name the isotope used in the method, and describe the method used.
   

5. Identify and distinguish between the two types of hematocrit values. Explain why one method is used more often than the other.
   

6. Did Dr. Alfrey's studies show that erythropoietin levels increased or decreased during flight and what was the significance of this finding?
   

7. What measurement was made to monitor the production rate of red blood cells and explain how it was interpreted?
   

8. Explain the two main differences between unlabelled RBCs and labelled RBCs that allow the labelled RBCs to be detected in a blood sample?
   

CRITICAL THINKING

1. 1. Given: An average person has about 7,000 white blood cells per mm of blood and 5,000,000 red blood cells per mm. Calculate the Ratio of white blood cells to red blood cells.
   2. Based on what you have learned what does this tell you about the production rate of each cell type and its function?
2. Describe how the rate of production of red blood cells is tied to the disappearance rate of the isotope 51- chromium?